Students with autism can have difficulty with:

• understanding other people's thoughts, feelings and actions
• predicting 'What could happen next?'
• sense of danger
• engaging in imaginative play, although some students will have certain pretend play games they like to replay over and over
• change 
• unfamiliar situations

However difficulties with imagination must not be confused with lack of imagination/creativity, as some students with Autism/Aspergers can have a particular talent in a specific area.

• Difficulty with:
• expressing themselves emotionally and socially
• understanding gestures, facial expressions or tone of voice
• knowing when to start or end conversations
• choosing topics to talk about
• with complex words or phrases
• can be very literal
• understanding jokes, metaphor and sarcasm.

The difficulty with interpreting language, processing sensory stimuli etc. can mean the world is a very stressful/challenging place for students with Autism.

The world can seem very unpredictable and a confusing place, therefore elements of the day that can be routine and predictable help students settle and interpret the daily events.

Change to routine and structure with no warning, can lead to students becoming very distressed. The need for routine can become obsessional, leading to students demanding the same cup, type of cereal etc. so a mix of routine features with some changes that are prepared for, is best. Life can be very variable and it would be very difficult to keep all factors consistent, so students do need support to experience new things, however this needs to be planned for and be surrounded either side with experiences that are calming. 

Autistic students can have difficulty

• interpreting body language
• interpreting spoken language and often they will understand language in a very literal manner 
• using or understanding jokes, sarcasm, facial expressions, common phrases or tone of voice

Some students who have Autism

• do not speak and access alternative forms of communication e.g. signs, symbols, communication apps
• can repeat a phrase or sound this is known as echolalia
• can be fixated upon specific topics of interest

There are several different names used to identify the different aspects of the spectrum:

• ASD- Autistic Spectrum Disorder
• Classic autism
• Kanner autism
• Pervasive developmental disorder (PDD)
• High functioning autism ( HFA)

Students with Asperger Syndrome often want to be sociable but at times can struggle with 

• initiating conversation
• sustaining social relationships
• anxiety in social situations
• maintaining friendships
• change

Students with Asperger syndrome can develop intense interests, which sometimes can become obsessive. This high level specific knowledge can at times inform areas studied/ future careers.

There are 1 million people in the UK with an autism spectrum disorder which is approximately 1 in 200.

There are more males than females affected.

Students with Autism can experience sensory sensitivity with one or more senses.

Senses can become intensified (hypersensitivity) or under-sensitive (hypo-sensitive).

This can mean students can find sensory stimulation overwhelming and they can process sound, light, smell to a much higher level resulting in the stimuli being perceived as unbearably loud or distracting.

Watch the Autism simulation video clip listed on the Autism web page- this illustrates this point very well.

Alternatively students cannot process pain, temperature, pressure in the same way and can often present as being very 'heavy handed' or seeking pressure through their body e.g. leaning on other people, clapping etc